Influenza Assignment Essay Sample free essay sample

1. At the twist of the century. the United States experienced one of the most haunting pandemics the universe has ever known †the Spanish grippe. The grippe. brought about by H1N1 infection. killed 675. 000 Americans during World War I. Around forty mature ages consequently. in 1957. another pandemics brought about by H2N2 executed around 70. 000 Americans. The infection. which contained cistrons from human and avian grippe. was preeminent distinguished in China so quickly circulate to different pieces of the universe. In 1968. an ejection of H3N2 infection ( which other than was the result of homo and avian grippe cistrons ) happened and caused 34. 000 perishes among Americans. The latest occurring of grippe infections was what called the â€Å"Swine Flu. † The Swine Flu was brought about by another strain of H1N1 infection and had it episode only last twelvemonth in 2009. 2. For my task. I need to remove three from five individuals to give vaccinations or rhinal shower to in light of the constrained asset. My pick. in the wake of holding done the examination. would be: 1. Intruder Phlegmenstein †the multi year-old pharmacist for the vaccinum. 2. Helen Hornblower †the multi year-old grandmother for the vaccinum. what's more, 3. Lars Loogenkugel †the multi year-old school understudy for the rhinal fog grippe shooting. I pick Lars for the rhinal fog grippe shooting. Blending to the Centers for Disease Control ( CDC ) and Prevention. nasal shower ought to just be given to solid individuals age 2-49 and non pregnant. Since Lars is the solitary individual inside the endorsed age and is non pregnant. he is by all accounts the solitary pick! The others in the gathering all appear to be at equivalent danger of getting the grippe. by and by. I pick Bogey and Helen to give the vaccinums to in light of the fact that there are more justification for me to make so. Helen is at risk in light of the fact that principal. she’s a matured †the gathering of individuals that is at high peril of getting grippe. fitting to CDC. Second. Helen’sgrandchildren are juvenile ( 3. 5 and 8 mature ages old enough ) and they visit her actually as often as possible. Her oldest grandkid has asthma which. blending to the Government Medicare’s site. places her at more peril of getting the grippe if her grandma has it. Last. I decide to give Helen the shooting in light of the fact that here she can procure it for nothing. Helen’s standard meds previously cost her bunch of cash since her Medicare does non spread it for her. Following. I pick Bogey since he has three risk factors. First. he’s in the age bunch that is progressively inclined to securing sick from grippe ( individuals over the age of 50. orchestrating to CDC ) . He other than has a past filled with holding optional bronchitis and pneumonia which. blending to the Government Medicare’s site. topographic point him â€Å"at higher danger for holding clinical difficulties from grippe and ought to have the grippe shooting. † Last. Intruder works at a pharmaceutics. where he is presented to upchuck individuals that semen and secure their clinical claims to fame. That expands his danger of getting the grippe. I do non take Nadia †the pregnant grown-up female in light of the fact that despite the fact that she is in one of the gatherings that have high risk of procuring grippe. she has ever been sound. Her work environment appears to be more secure than Bogey’s and her hubby ( who is the solitary individual she associates with at place ) has methodicallly had vaccinations. Other than. despite the fact that Nadia keeps an eye on sister’s multi year-old twins. it only occurs once in a while so the childs are non at high peril of holding the grippe if their auntie has it. I other than do non take Marian. the multi month-old darling who is other than in one of the gatherings that face high peril of holding grippe ( kids more youthful than 2 mature ages old. orchestrating to CDC ) . Her wellbeing proficient ( which is her mama ) works at a since quite a while ago run consideration establishment. which puts her at high risk however luckily. Marian’s mama has just been inoculated. It diminishes the danger of the mama gaining sick and passes it to her darling. ConsumerReports. Organization other than exhorts that â€Å"If your child has had at least three ear contaminations in a single winter. you may want to ask your doctor about obtaining an influenza vaccinum. † Marian has had ear diseases twice in the previous 8 months and that conceivably something to take into concern. I would rede the mama to take her to a doctor preeminent prior giving her any influenza shootings. 3. There are many bar designs one can take to prevent themselves from getting the grippe. These examples. recommended by the Student Health Service of the University of Pennsylvania. include: 1. Wash authorities. Make it much of the time in light of the fact that generally cold and influenza infections travel through authorities. The best one to stop the spread is flushing authorities regularly and maintaining a strategic distance from direct contact with beginnings of sources. 2. Drink plentifulness of liquids. The ground is on the grounds that H2O helps becoming flushed your frameworks and smothering toxicants from your natural structure. A mean adult needs around eight 8-ounce spectacless of liquids every twenty-four hours. 3. Eat supplements joining phytochemicals. â€Å"Phyto† implies workss and the characteristic synthetic substances in workss give you a group of nutrients required while battling grippe. Brilliant veggies ( especially dull green. reddish and xanthous 1s ) are extraordinary beginnings of nutrients. Along these lines. on the other hand of taking nutrient pills. you ought to eat more veggies. 4. Cause oxygen consuming activities to apply all the time. Applying gives you and progressively sound and solid chest. It other than helps increment normal infection executing cells in the natural structure. 5. Don’t smoke or soak up. These awful wonts debilitate your safe framework and you will be bound to get a grippe than the individuals who don’t smoke or drink. 4. Despite the fact that I do non give Nadia and Marian this season's cold virus shootings. I will in any case rede them to look for the immunizations somewhere else. For Nadia’s trepidation of obtaining Guillian Barre Syndrome. I will refer to Flu. Gov’s Fact Sheet about Guillian Syndrome. â€Å"Except for the pig grippe vaccinum utilized in 1976. no other grippe vaccinums have been plainly connected to GBS. † The vaccinum Nadia’s uncle had is extremely unique in relation to the one being utilized at the present time so there is little interest for her to be concerned. In any case. in the event that Nadia obtains sick. what she should make is remain place. bound contacts with others and guzzle plentifulness of liquids. In the event that Nadia begin to create febrility. she should deal with it directly off with Datril ( Tylenolâ ® ) . which is â€Å"the best nonprescription mediation of febrility in pregnancy† blending to Flu. Gov. For Marian. I. a s holding said. would rede her mama to take her to the doctor preeminent so her status is checked. After that. in the event that the angel is sound. I would ask a grippe going for her. With respect to the mama. who is the main wellbeing expert of Marian. I would instruct her to ever flush her guardianships before fixing supplement for her child. In the event that she secures sick with the grippe. what she should make is limit contacts with the angel. Other than. she should set on a â€Å"surgical mask† ( accessible at apothecarys shops ) â€Å"before indicting in any action inside 3-6 pess of [ the ] infant. † ( as prompted by CDC ) . Next to the two individuals who do non procure the shooting. I would other than rede Bogey †the pharmacist †to get a past immunization for pneumococcal pneumonia to hinder him from being sick with it again ( fitting to Government Medicare ) . Part II Question 4: A cytokine storm implies an expansion in the figure of antibodies that surpass the interest of the natural structure and cause injury to it. In a flu contamination. cytokine happens when the natural structure overcompensates to the infective miniaturized scale life form and conveys unreasonably numerous antibodies that then again of executing it. the overwhelming antibodies influence the assortment meats to glitch and accomplish more injury to the natural structure than the miniaturized scale living being truly does. Question 3: Antigenic impetuss are little modifications in the infection that happen each twelvemonth and are unsurprising. It creates new infection strains that the insusceptible framework may non recognize. That is the reason influenza vaccinum are refreshed each twelvemonth so as to suit with the new strains of infection and individuals will hold to gain a grippe shooting each twelvemonth in the event that they need to be secured. Question 4: Antigenic removals are significant adjustments in the infection that are non unsurprising. It creates new and perilous infection strains that the guileless populace are non arranged for. accordingly outcome in rapid spreads and pandemics. Death rate that outcomes from antigenic relocations can be high. Question 8: Edward Jenner was a British specialist conceived in May 1796. who led examinations to comprehend why dairymaids didn’t get little syphilis. Jenner scratched cowpox bruises. grounded them and transformed them into a fluid arrangement that can be infused in people’s covering. By making so. he concocted the clench hand vaccinum ever that prevented variola. His work is the establishment of immunology. Question 10: Side effects of the virus regularly incorporate wheezing. sore pharynx. little achings. choping hack. stodgy nose and gentle to seat chest awkwardness. Influenza side effects are ordinarily progressively awful. They ordinarily incorporate febrility. concern. achings and strivings. exhaustion or most extreme fatigue. chest awkwardness and hacking can be horrible. Notices â€Å"12 Important Tips to Prevent Cold and Flu Infection. † University of Pennsylvania †Office of Heath Education. Gotten to 23 October 2010 from hypertext move convention:/www. vpul. upenn. edu/ohe/library/cold/forestall. htm â€Å"Vaccines and How They Work. † ( 3 December 2009 ) . ConsumerReports. Organization. Gotten to 23 October 2010 from hypertext move convention:/www. c

Why People Do Not Write an Essay About Their Literacy History

Why People Do Not Write an Essay About Their Literacy HistoryThere are a lot of ways to generate new thoughts from your existing knowledge. It is possible to get a free essay sample by doing research online or through any educational institutions. A free essay sample can serve as a guide in developing your own writing style in the form of an essay.In order to understand why people do not prefer to write an essay about their literacy history, it would be important to see the structure of the free essay samples. It starts with an introduction, a summary, a topic statement, and ending with a conclusion.The introduction is a common type of introduction. It is a brief introduction that briefly describes the nature of the topic and includes what the essay will be discussing. When it comes to the topic statement, it is a statement that defines the main question or thesis of the essay.The statement is a good starting point for developing a well-structured outline for the essay. After a write r has established the main points of the essay, he or she can use the topic statement to organize the other parts of the essay. Using the topic statement is also a way to make sure that you don't forget to include the most important information that can help your essay to stand out from others.After establishing a very short but effective outline, a writer can then move on to the second part of the free essay samples. In this part, the writer will be asked to submit a written answer to the question posed in the introduction. A good writer knows how to capture the right image in the essay.The third part of the free essay samples are the samples of essays that the essay writers have already submitted. These essays are good examples of how to structure a written essay and what types of topics can be covered by a literate person. They can help the writer to formulate a better idea of the types of topics that he or she can address in the rest of the essay.After coming up with an outline, a writer can then move on to the next section of the free essay samples. These are the final parts of the samples. The essay writers will write an essay sample that incorporates their strengths, weaknesses, and abilities.By taking advantage of free essay samples that are written by well-known writers, a writer can write an essay that is unique and sets him or her apart from the crowd. Writing essays is not an easy task, as it requires a number of skills. If a writer can learn to utilize the free essay samples that he or she can find on the internet, he or she can avoid the trial and error.

USS Maine explosion Essay Example

USS Maine blast Paper The US Maine, bafflingly detonated in the Havana Harbor, Cuba. A few people say it was a mine planted by an obscure source to attempt to detonate the US Maine, others think it was McKinley causing a set to up for motivation to announce war on Cuba. Be that as it may, by and by I think it was a coincidental blast cause by a flaw in the boat. While investigating proof of the blast I saw places where the metal was bowed out, proposing the blast originated from within, similar to an inadvertent fire brought about by the set up of the boat. The fuel in the US Maine was kept in he transport directly close to the ammo, with one little mix-up the entire boat could go up on fire with an enormous blast, sinking the boat. The boat appears as though the most harm happened in the focal point of the boat, supporting that it was a mishap from within. The other proof that persuades that it was coincidental is the manner in which the media in America depicted the individuals living in Cuba. They had pictures of frail, wiped out, thin and ineffectively dressed individuals everything being equal. To me that recommended that we needed individuals to help and feel frustrated about the individuals of Cuba, not to do battle with them. The pictures make me believe that we think they arent ready to safeguard themselves on the off chance that we ended up doing battle with them. Likewise, there was no proof that shows the shell of the boat twisting internal from the blast, which implies that except if It was missed in the Images, the blast originated from the Inside of the boat. We will compose a custom exposition test on USS Maine blast explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on USS Maine blast explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on USS Maine blast explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer At the point when we did a recreation of the manner in which the shell of the boat would bend In the effect of a shot by tossing a bundle of tin foil tossed a sheet of tin foil and taking a gander at the passageway purpose of the foil ball. When contrasting the boats pictures with the recorded perceptions from the tin foil recreation there Isnt anything In the injuries indicating any likenesses. The Images Just seem as though the metal of the boat Is dissolved from fire. As should be obvious from all the proof that I have thought about and broke down from the US Maine blast It would have been far-fetched for It to be harm and bound to be a mishap. In this manner I feel that every single other chance, for example, a set up by McKinley or a mine planted by Cuba or some other explanation wouldnt bode well, or have genuine proof to back It. In this manner I think the main practical purpose for the US Maine blast Is that It was a coincidental blast cause by a deficiency In the boat.

Certificate of Need Project - Free Essay Example

Certificate of Need Project The Certificate of Need (CON) program is a mechanism used by some states to restrain or control health care facility costs and to allow for the coordinated planning of new services and construction. The CON program was created by the National Health Planning and Resource Development Act (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“NHPRDAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) in 1974. After the passage of NHPRDA states not having a CON process begin establishing rules for the CON process at the state level. In 1986 the Federal CON mandate was repealed, allowing states to determine its own CON process, if any at all. This paper will discuss Floridaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s CON process to include facilities requiring CON, steps in the CON process, appeals process, and exempt geographic locations. The CON program began in Florida in the year of 1973 with a primary reason for establishment being the promotion of cost containment by controlling unnecessary duplication of health care services and facilit ies. Floridaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s CON regulatory process is governed by the Florida Statutes sections 408.031 through 408.045 and the Florida Administrative Code Chapter 59C-1. Since 1992 Floridaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s CON program has been administered by the Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA). Floridaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s CON regulatory process requires certain health care providers to obtain state approval before offering new or modified services. Facilities that require a CON (FS 408.036) Currently Floridaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s CON program regulates acute care hospitals, long-term care facilities, nursing homes, hospices, intermediate care facilities; services include neo-natal intensive care services, organ transplant services, open heart surgery, substance/drug abuse services, and psychiatric servicesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ requiring these healthcare facilities and service areas to go through the CON process. Florida Statutes section 408.036 identifies the following healthcare r elated projects subject to CON review by way of an application with AHCA: (1) addition of beds in community nursing homes or intermediate care facilities for the developmentally disabled by new construction or alteration; (2) new construction or establishment of additional health care facilities, including a replacement health care facility when the proposed project site is not located on the same site as or within 1 mile of the existing health care facility, if the number of beds in each licensed bed category will not increase; (3) conversion from one type of health care facility to another, including the conversion from a general hospital, a specialty hospital, or a long-term care hospital; (4) establishment of a hospice or hospice inpatient facility; (5) increase in the number of beds for comprehensive rehabilitation; and (6) establishment of tertiary health services, including inpatient comprehensive rehabilitation services. Steps in Floridaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s CON process (FS 408.039) The CON application steps are inclusive of a letter of intent, application review, and staff recommendation and decision from AHCA. The CON review process is funded through the collection of fees assessed to the CON applicantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ minimum base fee of $10,000 and an additional 0.015 of each dollar of proposed expenditure with the total fee not exceed $50,000. A letter of intent is to be filed at least 30 days prior to the published application deadline due date for the particular batching cycle. The letter of intent must contain a description of the proposed project; specify the number of beds sought, if any; identify the services to be provided; the location; and identify the applicant. Within 21 days after the letter of intent is received, AHCA publishes notice of letters of intent filed in the Florida Administrative Register. Following the letter of intent, the applicant has to file an application to the agency along with the $10,000 fee. Within 15 d ays after the application filing deadline, AHCA has to determine if the application is complete. If the application is incomplete, AHCA can provide a one-time written response to the applicant indicating the section(s) of the application that are incomplete and request specific information from the applicant that would be necessary to complete the application. AHCAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s requested information has to be filed within 21 days after the applicantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s receipt of the request. Requested information not timely received, the application will be deemed incomplete and deemed withdrawn from consideration. Fourteen days after the notice of application has been filed, the applicant or a substantially affected person can request a public hearing which may be held at the agencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s discretion. Twenty one days after the application is deemed complete, a local-level public hearing has to be held. A public hearing allows all parties to present their positions and any rebuttal information. The public hearing has to have a verbatim record of the hearing. Within 60 days after all the applications in the batching cycle are deemed complete, AHCA will issue a State Agency Action Report and Notice of Intent to (1) grant a CON in its entirety, (2) grant a CON for identifiable portions of the project, or (3) deny the CON. AHCA shall publish its proposed decision within 14 days after the Notice of Intent is issued. If an administrative hearing is not requested, the State Agency Action Report and the Notice of Intent will become the agencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s final order with a copy provided to the appropriate local health council. Appeal process once the CON is granted (FS 408.039) The administrative appeals process ensures that all applicants are entitled to challenge the initial decision of the Agency through the administrative hearing process. Any party requesting an administrative hearing must do so within 21 days after AHCAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Notice of Intent is published in the Florida Administrative Register. Hearings shall be held in Tallahassee unless the administrative law judge (ALJ) determines that changing the location will facilitate the proceedings. Unless an ALJ issues a continuance, hearings will be held within 60 days of the ALJ being assigned to the case. A recommended order will be issued by the judge. After the recommended order is issued, AHCA must issue its final order within 45 days. Any party to an administrative hearing has the right to seek a judicial review from the District Court of Appeals within 30 days of the date of the final order. AHCA is party to all such proceedings. During the review, the court will affirm the final order unless it is arbitrary, capricious or not in compliance with applicable Statutes. Geographic location exempt from CON (FS 408.036) With the exception of eligible rural geographic locations, the Florida Statues did not address locations exempt from CON pro cess. When exemptions are allowed, AHCA has the authority to exempt eligible services from the CON project review process. Exemptions includes hospice services or swing beds in a rural hospital when one-half of its licensed beds is not exceeded and also conversion of licensed acute care hospital beds to Medicare and Medicaid certified skilled nursing beds in a rural hospital when construction of new facility is not involved and/or the total number of skilled nursing beds do not exceed one-half of the total number of licensed beds in the rural hospital. Other services exempt from CON process includes inmate health care facilities built by or for the exclusive use of the Department of Corrections and also state veteransà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ nursing homes operated by or on behalf of the Florida Department of Veteransà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Affairs. Resource: The 2014 Florida Statutes, sections 408.031 through 408.045. Retrieved October 22, 2014 from https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statute s/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_StatuteURL=0400- 0499/0408/0408.html

Does Pornography Exploit or Liberate Women Essay

Almost as lucrative as the oil industry; the omnipresent multi-media pornography industry is said to be more profitable than the music and video industries combined. The European Parliament (2003) estimates that more than two-thirds of the  £252 million spent by European internet users during 2001 was received by various pornographic websites. This recorded expenditure does not, however, account for the widely available non-internet based pornographic literature, theatre and DVD trade, or for prostitution – the age-old trade from which the term pornography is derived (Potter, 1998); thus effectively deeming the pornography industry to be indescribably profitable. As the pornography industry is undeniably extortionately profitable, such an†¦show more content†¦The wide availability of pornographic material can be argued to be the main attraction to employment within the industry; a notion anti-porn campaigners often utilise for their argument that pornography exploit s women. Although the spectrum of pornography caters for almost all types of personal sexual gratification, the vast majority of conventional pornographic material is heterosexual male oriented (Castleman, 2009), therefore allowing for seemingly endless opportunities for willing female actresses to gain employment. Whilst pro-porn campaigners and liberal feminists alike argue that such demand allows for potentially lucrative career prospects, opponents of pornography and radical feminists respond in a much more aversive manner (Haralambos Holborn, 2004). Westerstrand (OConnor, 2006) likens the trading of womens bodies to the black market organ trade, noting that although some people may decide to sell their organs out of financial desperation, purchasers of organs should be prosecuted. This notion is furthered by OConnor, who states that â€Å"The sale of women for sexual exploitation is therefore an intrinsic violation,Show MoreRelatedCalculus Oaper13589 Words   |  55 Pagesis to the mother, she asks, could not the natural sexual orientation of both men and women be toward women? Rich s radical questioning has been a major intellectual force in the general feminist reorientation to sexual matters in recent years, and her conception of a lesbian continuum sparked especially intense debate. Does lesbianism incorporate all support systems and intense interactions among women, or is it a specifically erotic choice? What is gained and what is lost with the secondRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesto would-be writers in the world (e.g. weblog, fan-fiction sites, video-sharing sites) †¢ As a repository of entertainment, at least, the Internet seems to render the book insufficient and in many ways, pathetic Info not the same †¢ Internet does not include the entire corpus of the written word †¢ Books are increasingly finding their way onto the Internet, info digitized (google books) †¢ Much knowledge residing in books today that have not found their way onto the Internet (exclusiveRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by MichaelRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 Pageswe attempt to bring a strong sense of business realism and sensitivity to the often exaggerated descriptions of e-commerce. As founders of a dot.com company and participants in the e-commerce revolution, we have learned that the â€Å"e† in e-commerce does not stand for â€Å"easy.† The Web and e-commerce have caused a major revolution in marketing and advertising in the United States. We spend two chapters discussing online marketing viii Preface and advertising. Chapter 6 discusses â€Å"traditional†

Essay about Martin Luther King Jr. - 2910 Words

Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. not only spoke with purpose but also with a style unlike any others. He was an inspirational speaker and a motivational leader. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., due to his importance in the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, motivated masses with his tremendous speeches and actions. Dr. King utilized his charisma and inspirational tactics to change the views and beliefs of a nation and to lead his people throughout their course of the civil rights movement. His personality consisted of every good characteristic needed of a leader. He was sensible at all times and his ability to clearly state his ideas and thoughts surrounding peace and equality in the United States. There were†¦show more content†¦While attending classes in Chester, Pennsylvania, right near downtown Philadelphia, Martin became the senior class president and also earned the prestigious valedictorian. 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TheyRead More Martin Luther King Jr. Essay637 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King, Jr. was perhaps one of the most influential person of our time. As the father of modern civil rights movement, Dr.Martin Luther king, Jr., is recognized around the world as a symbol of freedom and peace. Born January 15, 1929, King was the son of an Atlanta pastor. King accomplished many achievements during his life. He graduated from Morehouse as a minister in 1948 and went on to Crozer Theological seminary in Chester, Pa., where he earned a divinity degree. After that King

Critical Analysis of the Octoroon Essay Example For Students

Critical Analysis of the Octoroon Essay The Octoroon, only considered second amongst antebellum melodramas, is a play written by Irish author Dion Boucicaut. The play focuses on the Plantation Terrebonne, the Peyton estate and its residents, namely it’s slaves. During the time of its premiere, The Octoroon, inspired conversations about the abolition of slavery as well as the overall mistreatment of the African Americans. Derived from the Spanish language, the word ‘octoroon’ is defined as one who is 1/8th black. Zoe Peyton, , â€Å"The Octoroon†, is the supposedly â€Å"freed† biological daughter of Judge Peyton, former owner of the plantation. In play, the lovers, Zoe and the judges prodigal nephew, George Peyton, are thwarted in their quest by race and the the evil maneuverings of a material-obsessed overseer named Jacob MClosky. MClosky wants Zoe and Terrebonne, and schemes to buy both. Boucicault’s play focuses on the denial of liberty, identity, and dignity, while ironically preserving common African-American stereotypes of the antebellum period. The play does this through several characters, most importantly, through Zoe and the Household slave Pete. While the author attempts to evoke anti-slavery sentiments, the play is largely in ineffectual of being a true indictment of slavery by further perpetuating the African American stereotypes. Zoe, the octoroon, serves as a means for the author to explore themes of racial prejudice without an excessively black protagonist; she is black, but not too black. She plays the role of the tragic mulatto a stock character that was typical of antebellum literature. The purpose of the tragic mulatto† was to allow the reader to pity the plight of oppressed or enslaved races, but only through a veil of whiteness†. Through this veil the reader does not truly pity one of a different race but rather the reader pities one who is made as close to their race as possible. This is made evident especially in Zoes speech patterns. Compared to the other black characters, even the white characters, such as Scudder and M’Closky, Zoe displays a usage of language superior to that of theirs, showing she received an extensive education. Zoes first entrance in play begins with Am I late, Ah! Mr. Scudder, good morning. (Act I, pg. ) The formality expressed in Zoes first line, is only expressed the plays white characters, with the other black characters addressing the white characters with titles of Masr or Missey. The slaves even address Zoe as Missey Zoe comparable to Zoes romantic rival, Dora Sunnyside, who is also addressed as Missey Dora. The title given to Zoe elevates her position above that of the other black characters. Zoes â€Å"’ one drop in eight’† roots have been trained and thoroughly tamed so that she is virtually a white woman. Thus Zoe plays to the trope of the female tragic octoroon, a light-skinned woman raised as if a white woman in her fathers household, until his bankruptcy or death has her reduced to a menial position and sold. (Gross, What Blood Won’t)The octoroon, desires a white lover above all else, and must therefore go down to a tragic end. (Brown, Negro Poetry and.. ) She is a woman who has all the social graces that come along with being a middle-class or upper-class white woman and yet Zoe is nonetheless subjected to slavery. The mulatto is also highly sexualized. In some slave markets, mulattoes and quadroons brought higher prices, because of their use as sexual objects. The mulatto approached the white ideal of female attractiveness the mulatto afforded the slave owner the opportunity to rape, with impunity, a woman who was physically white (or near-white) but legally black. † (Furnas, Goodbye Uncle Tom) This is evident as M’Closky eyes Zoe in Act I, â€Å"‘Dam that girl; she makes me quiver when I think of her; she’s took me for all I’m worth. ’† Then later admits to Zoe, â€Å"‘Come, Zoe, don’t be a fool. .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25 , .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25 .postImageUrl , .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25 , .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25:hover , .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25:visited , .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25:active { border:0!important; } .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25:active , .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25 .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u032905811e60ba3381c6305ce6e45c25:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Literacy Narrative, A Discourse Community Analysis, And A Writing Research EssayYou know I’d marry you if I could, but I can’t. ’†(Act I, pg. 14) M’Closky acknowledges the limitations of Zoe race in terms of marriage, and attempts to settle for her being his mistress. The sexualization of the tragic mulatto merges prohibitions against miscegenation with the reality that whites routinely used blacks as sexual objects. Even Scudder states that the only true thing in M’Closky’s body is his lust for Zoe. In a race-based society, the tragic mulatto found peace only in death, shown in Zoes suicide. Zoes suicide is depicted as the only way she could transcend the wretched ineffaceable mark of Cain. one drop poisons all the flood', yet her death defeats the writer’s purpose in attempting to make a sympathetic character. Instead Zoes death permits female white readers to identify with the victim by gender while estranging themselves because of her one-eighth blackness, since her death was inevitably caused by it. Thus the author avoids confronting a racial ideology that denies the full humanity of nonwhite women. With the tragic mulatto, the author romantically stresses the problem of miscegenation above the problems pertinent to African-Americans; therefore allowing the author to avoid more serious social issues and omit more representative characters. The household slave, Pete, takes on the stereotype of a Tom caricature. The Tom caricature portrays black men as faithful, happily submissive servants. This stock character posed a question to northern audiences, ‘How could slavery be so wrong, if they were so loyal and content? The Tom caricature was popularized after the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin b Harriet Beecher Stowe. Constantly throughout the play Pete shows behavior very typically of that of the Tom caricature, submissive and faithful servant; resembling that of Stephen from the film Django Unchained, with his unflinching loyalty. Like Stephen, Pete shows an internalized racism towards other black characters especially the children threating to â€Å" ‘kill so me on ‘em sure†, and dehumanizing them by calling them â€Å" ‘darkies.. dem black tings niggers†(Act 1, pg. ) These stock characters are typically shown with a cane or a limp, a they are usually lame, as seen in the stage directions for the first entrance of Pete, â€Å"Enter PETE, R. U. E. , (he is lame)†(Act I, pg. 5) The Tom is old, physically weak, eager to serve, a dependable worker, and is psychologically dependent on whites for approval. â€Å"Point. Aged seventy-two. Pete. Whats dat? A mistake, sarforty-six. ?Point. Lame.? Pete. But dont mount to nuffinkin work cannel. Come, Judge, pick up. Nows your time, sar. Jackson. One hundred dollars.? Pete. What, sar? Me! For melook ye here! (Dances. )† This excerpt from Act III, pg. 6, displays how despereate Pete truly is for approval, he lowers his age just to be sold, insists that he is still able to work though he is lame, and dances for the crowd of slave-owners, similar to that of characters in Tom shows, which were emptied of the noble traits the original Tom held. By perpetuating black stereotypes, Boucicaut fails in nearly the same way Uncle Tom’s Cabin did. In preserving these stock characters, the play fails to represent the reality of slavery, and fails to offer a more realistic cast of characters. Instead the play relies on caricatures to attempt to appeal to the masses of the antebellum period. Bibliography: Ariela J. Gross, What Blood Wont Tell: A History of Race on Trial in America, p. 61. Brown, S. (1969). Negro poetry and drama and the Negro in American fiction. New York, NY: Atheneum. Furnas, J. C. Goodbye Uncle Tom. New York: Sloane Associates, 1956. Print. Boucicault, Dion. The Octoroon. London: J. Dicks, n.d. Print.